Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 4 de 4
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Waste Manag ; 102: 85-96, 2020 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31669678

RESUMO

This study assessed the potential environmental effects of energy production from pig manure treatment by anaerobic digestion at medium-scale based on the Life Cycle Assessment of a farm in Puebla, Mexico. It also compared the results from common practices of biogas flaring and conventional management. The analysis was based on one ton of pig manure in 4 systems: two with energy production, one with biogas flaring, and the last one conventional management. The use of biogas for electricity production combined with composting techniques generated the lowest net impacts on climate change of 272 kg CO2eq and photochemical oxidation of 0.056 kg ethylene eq, while the biogas flaring registered impacts of 344 kg CO2eq and 0.095 kg ethylene eq. The systems with energy production had environmental benefits on fossil resources depletion by avoiding the consumption of -863 MJ and -1608 MJ, but systems that burned biogas required fossil fuel consumption of 246 MJ from the grid. The conventional management generated the greatest environmental impacts, with eutrophication being the most important negative effect due to the manure discharge into water bodies (5.97 kg PO4eq). Sensitivity analysis shown that energy production could generate greater impacts on global warming compared to the case in which manure was used directly in crop fields, if emissions from unintentional releases and a poor digestate management are not avoided. Results are relevant for developing countries in which processes are carried out in rural and semi-industrial areas with lack of technical knowledge and economic resources.


Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Esterco , Anaerobiose , Animais , Meio Ambiente , México , Suínos
2.
Vet. Méx ; 39(4): 397-410, oct.-dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632891

RESUMO

A bacterial strain of Clostridium sordellii and another one of Peptostreptococcus tetradius (isolated in a previous study, from the cecum of fattening rabbits) were evaluated as supplements, administered by means of food aspersion on a commercial feed for weaned fattening white New Zealand rabbits. The study was carried out in a rabbit fattening farm with 60% morbidity and 50% mortality due to unspecific diarrheas. Three experimental groups were formed: the first group was fed normal commercial feed, the second commercial feed inoculated with C. sordellii and the third, inoculated with P. tetradius. Daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficacy were evaluated during five weeks, and three tests of apparent digestibility were made. In addition, the mortality and the morbidity caused by unspecific diarrheas during the same period were quantified. After the rabbits were euthanized, total and cellulolytic bacteria concentration, pH and ammonium concentration were measured from samples taken from the cecal appendix, thirteenth cecal loop and colon. The results did not show significant difference (P > 0.05) between the treatments for any of the production variables measured. Statistical differences (P < 0.05) were found in pH and ammonium concentration in the cecal appendix between the group with C. sordellii and the other two groups, while in the thirteenth cecal loop differences were found (P < 0.05) in ammonium concentration between the group with P. tetradius and the other two groups. In regard to total bacteria, differences (P < 0.05) were found at the cecal appendix level between the control group and the one that received P. tetradius, and at the colon level between the group that received P. tetradius and the one that received C. sordelli. C. sordellii supplementation was associated with lower diarrheal morbidity (35%), as compared with that observed in the control group (80%), and that of the group receiving the P. tetradius supplement (80%) (P < 0.05).


Se evaluó una cepa bacteriana de Clostridium sordellii y otra de Peptostreptococcus tetradius (aisladas en un trabajo previo, a partir del ciego de conejos en engorda) como complementos, suministrados mediante aspersión en alimento comercial para conejos Nueva Zelanda, blancos, recién destetados y en etapa de engorda. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en un centro de engorda cunícola en el cual se presentaba morbilidad de 60% y mortalidad de 50% a causa de diarreas inespecíficas. Se crearon tres grupos experimentales: al primero se le proporcionó alimento comercial sin inocular, al segundo se le proporcionó alimento comercial adicionado con C. sordellii y al tercero, adicionado con P. tetradius. Se evaluó ganancia diaria de peso, consumo de alimento y eficiencia alimenticia durante cinco semanas, además se realizaron tres ensayos de digestibilidad aparente. Asimismo, se cuantificó la mortalidad y la morbilidad causada por diarreas inespecíficas durante el periodo señalado. Después del sacrificio de los conejos, se midió la concentración de bacterias totales y celulolíticas, pH y amonio en muestras del apéndice cecal, treceava asa cecal y colon. Los resultados no mostraron diferencia significativa (P > 0.05) entre los tratamientos para ninguna de las variables productivas medidas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (P < 0.05) en el pH y la concentración de amonio a nivel del apéndice cecal entre el grupo al que se le suministró C. sordelliiy los dos grupos restantes, mientras que a nivel de la treceava asa cecal se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) en la concentración de amonio entre el grupo que recibió P. tetradius y los otros dos grupos. En lo referente a bacterias totales se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) a nivel de apéndice cecal entre el grupo testigo y el que recibió P. tetradius, y a nivel de colón distal entre el grupo que recibió C. sordellii y P. tetradius. La administración de C. sordelli estuvo asociada a una morbilidad diarreica más baja (35%) que la observada en el caso del grupo testigo (80%) y del grupo que recibió complemento de P. tetradius (80%) (P < 0.05).

3.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 16(3): 249-256, mayo 2006. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630957

RESUMO

Para conocer el efecto de suplementación con harina de tres arbustivas forrajeras tropicales, en el comportamiento productivo y fermentación ruminal de corderos en crecimiento, se realizó un estudio durante 90 días, utilizando 30 corderos con encaste de Pelibuey y Black Belly (18,29 ± 1,56 kg PV), mantenidos en pastoreo continuo en estrella africana (Cynodon plestostachyus; 75,5% FDN y 6,1% PC) de 7:00 a.m. a 4:00 p.m, posteriormente los animales fueron alojados en corraletas individuales, proporcionándoles 200 g animal-1 d-1 de suplemento de acuerdo a los tratamientos (T) evaluados: T1 = sólo pastoreo (SP), T2 = T1+concentrado comercial (CC), T3 = T1+harina de cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium; HC), T4 = T1+harina de morera (Morus alba; HM) y T5 = T1+harina de tulipán (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; HT). Las variables registradas fueron: consumo de suplemento y pasto, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), digestibilidad aparente de materia seca del suplemento y del pasto. En fluido ruminal se midió pH, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles, nitrógeno amoniacal, bacterias totales y protozoarios. El CC y la HT presentaron el mejor (P < 0,05) consumo de suplemento (CC, 181,6ª; HC, 97,7c; HM, 149,7b; HT, 167,2ab g d-1), de materia seca total (SP, 789,1b; CC, 976,8ª; HT, 941,8ª g d-1) y la mejor GDP (SP, 46,1b; CC, 81,6ª; HT, 77,1ª; g d-1). El CC propició la más alta (P < 0,05) digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS, 60,97ª); en contraste la más baja (P < 0,05) DAMS se presentó con el uso de HC (SP, 49,27ab; CC, 54,00ª; HC, 48,52C; HM, 50,47ab; HT, 50,54ab). En las variables ruminales, no se observaron diferencias entre tratamientos para pH, nitrógeno amoniacal y AGV; solamente se registraron cambios (P < 0,05) en la concentración (1 × 10(8) mL-1) de bacterias totales (SP, 45,0ª; HM, 1,1b) y de protozoarios (SP, 20,73b; CC, 96,01ª; 1 × 10(4) mL-1). La harina de tulipán mostró una respuesta similar a la del CC. La menor respuesta se obtuvo con HC. Por lo anterior se recomienda HT como sustituto de CC para corderos en pastoreo en el trópico.


A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of a commercial feed and three different meals produced by tropical forage shrubs, on productive performance, digestibility and some rumen variables, when used as supplements for grazing lambs. Thirty crossbreed (Pelibuey X Black Belly) male lambs (18.29 ± 1.56 Kg BW), were used in a 90 d study. Animals were on continuous grazing of African star (Cynodon plestostachyus; (75.5% NDF, 6.1% CP) from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm. After grazing animals were housed in individual pens and fed (200 g animal-1 d-1)any of four supplements, according to treatment: T1 = grazing (G); T2 = T1 + commercial concentrate (CC); T3 = T1 + cocoite meal (Gliricidia sepium; CM); T4 = T1 + morera meal (Morus alba; MM), and T5 = T1 + tulipan meal (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; TM). Supplement and forage intake, dry matter digestibility and daily weight gain, were measured. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen concentration, total bacteria and protozoa were determined in rumen liquor. Differences in supplement intake (P < 0.05) (CC, 181.6ª; CM, 97.7c; MM, 149.7b; TM, 167.2ab g d-1), dry matter intake (OG, 789.1b; CC, 976.8ª; TM, 941.8ª g d-1) and daily weight gain (OG, 46.1b; CC, 81.6ª; TM, 77.1ª; g d-1) were found. The highest (P < 0.05) percentage of dry matter digestibility (DMD) was found for CC (CC, 60.97ª). Forage DMD was the lowest for CM (OG, 49.27ab; CC, 54.00ª; CM, 48.52C; MM, 50.47ab; TM, 50.54ab). No differences (P > 0.05) were found for rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and VFA concentration among treatments. Compared with OG treatment, supplementation with MM decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria concentration (OG, 45.0ª vs MM, 1.1b × 10(8) mL-1)whilst CC increased protozoa concentration (OG, 20.73b vs CC, 96.01ª × 10(4) mL-1). Supplementation with TM showed similar results that those observed with CC. The lowest response was observed for CM and OG. It is concluded that TM can be used as a supplement instead of CC in the tropic for grazing lambs.

4.
Interciencia ; 29(8): 442-446, ago. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-399804

RESUMO

Para evaluar el efecto de dos inóculos bacterianos del ciego sobre la fermentación cecal de conejos en crecimiento y la digestibilidad total del alimento, se desarrolló un ensayo de crecimiento con 60 conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda Blanco de 38 días de edad, asignados a tres tratamientos: T1= dieta comercial (testigo); T2= T1 más inóculo a base de Clostridium Sordellii; T3= T1 más inóculo a base de Peptostreptococcus tetradius. Se utilizó una concentración de 75 x 10 bacterias xg MS. En la 3ª y 5ª semanas experimentales se evaluó la digestibilidad in vivo. A los 77 días de edad los animales fueron sacrificados y se colectaron muestras del apéndice cecal (AC), 13ª asa cecal (TAC) y colon distal (CD) para determinar la concentración de bacterias totales (BT) y celulolíticas (BC), pH, NH y ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV). No se observaron cambios (p<0,05) en el primer ensayo de digestibilidad; sin embargo, en esegundo ensayo P. tetradius incrementó (p<0,05) la digestibilidad de la materia seca (MS), fibra detergente neutro y ácido. La concentración de BC aumentó (p<0,05) en ciego y CD. El pH no fue afectado, pero el NH se redujo (p<0,05) con P. tetradius en el ciego. La concentración de AGV aumentó (p<0,01) en ciego con el uso de inúculos. Los cambios en digestibilidad de MS y fibra se relacionaron con el incremento de las poblaciones microbianas en el ciego y colon de conejos que recibieron inóculos bacterianos, lo cual explicó la reducción de NH y el incremento de AGV


Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Fermentação , Genética Microbiana , Coelhos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...